Fish oil comes from many types of fish. It is rich in two important omega-3 fatty acids called eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The benefits of fish oil seem to come from its content of omega-3 fatty acids. Fish that are especially rich in these oils include mackerel, herring, tuna, and salmon. The body does not make many of its own omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce pain and swelling, and also prevent blood from clotting easily.
Some fish oil products are approved by the FDA as prescription drugs to lower triglyceride levels. Fish oil is also available as a supplement. Fish oil supplements do not contain the same amount of fish oil as prescription products, so they cannot be used in place of prescription products. Fish oil supplements are sometimes used for heart health and mental health, but there is no strong evidence to support most of these uses.
Don't confuse fish oil with EPA, DHA, cod liver oil, flaxseed oil, krill oil, or shark liver oil. See the separate listings for these topics.
High levels of fats called triglycerides in the blood (hypertriglyceridaemia). Taking certain prescription fish oil medications by mouth, including Lovaza, Omtryg, and Epanova, lowers very high triglyceride levels. These products are most often taken at a dose of 4 grams per day. While some over-the-counter fish oil supplements may also help, these products contain less omega-3 fatty acids than prescription fish oil products. People would need to take up to 12 capsules of fish oil supplements daily to get the same effect as prescription fish oil.
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